The Egyptian astronomer Aymen M. Ibrahem has written a dissertation on this. Pharaohs occasionally held excessives Heb-Sed or Sed festival festivals. According to a study by Ibrahem, the reason for these extra celebrations was the solar eclipse.23-1
Let's take a look at a few of the Sed festivals brought up by Ibrahem.
In the case of Ekhnaton, the reason for the Sed festival he organized could have been the solar eclipse around his birth or some other special event.
Queen Hatshepsut
Something special happened in Egypt at the beginning of the 16th century. This matter is emphasized a little by the fact that there the woman had to take care of the king's duties for a while.
In this thesis, we have to evaluate the situation in Egypt at that time partly with the help of fiction.
Thutmose I-III. The reign of Thutmose III is moved back many years in this of this treatise, so it starting from 1527 BCE. This thesis considers it possible that the mentions related to the length of Thutmose III's reign have been deliberately changed. They may have been calculated to start from 1527 BCE.
It may be possible that the length of the reign of Thutmose III included both the reigns of Thutmose I and Thutmose II. This was because these kings could be very unpopular. Thutmose I was the general of his predecessor, the young Amenhotep I. Did he have a hand in the death of Amenhotep I's firstborn? Did the Egyptians consider his rise as king unwelcome? His son Thutmose II may have reigned only a few years. In addition, part of the reign of Amenhotep I has been counted in the reign of Thutmose III. The year 1527 BCE. may have been chosen because perhaps Thutmose III was born in that year or for some other reason that mattered to the Egyptians.
Thutmose III was not the son of Hatshepsut, but the son of Thutmose II's secondary wife, Iset.23-2 This may explain why Queen Hatshepsut delayed for several years in transferring the kingship to Thutmose III.
Solar eclipse. The same assumption is applied to this reign of Hatshepsut that the Egyptians also wanted Hatshepsut's reign to start in 1527 BCE., it would have ended around 1505 BCE. History tells us that Hatsepsutin elevated herself to the sole king of Egypt in her seventh year of reign, i.e. around 1520 BC. However, her husband Thutmosis II continued to serve as pharaoh of Egypt until 1513 BC. until. Therefore, it seems that Hatshepsut despised her husband, apparently because Thutmose II was her half-brother.23-3 (On the other hand, it may be possible that the length of Hatshepsut's reign is incorrect, and she did not become king until around 1520 BCE, and after her husband's death in 1513 BCE, she elevated herself to king of all Egypt). In that case, he would only have ruled for about eight years together with the young Thutmosis III.
At that time there was a solar eclipse on April 13th, 1505 BCE. According to this theory, Hatshepsut celebrated the Sed festival in the last year of his reign.
Also in May 1514 BCE. a total solar eclipse occurred. However, according to this treatise, Hatshepsut was not officially the ruler of Egypt at the time, but that title was given to her afterwards. Theoretically also the year 1514 BCE. could come into question, since she was also then Queen of Egypt, wife of the reigning King Thutmose II.
Solar eclipse of Psamtik II
The solar eclipses that can be found from that time may reveal new information about the history of Egypt.
This is influenced by the fact that, as it may very well be probable that Psamtik II celebrated the Sed Festival in honor of the solar eclipse, then on July 30th, 607 BCE. an annular solar eclipse may occured that time.
However, this date is not appropriate for the estimated date of the reign of Psamtik II. However, this solar eclipse would give rise to the presumption that he was a pharaoh at the time. How could that be possible?
It seems probable that even so late there would have been more than one dynasty in Egypt. The reason for the estimated length of Psamtik II's reign may be that he lost his position as Egypt's leading pharaoh in 609 BCE. and the dynasty led by Apries took power. However, Psamtik II continued his dynasty as king for an unknown length of time.
Heb-Sed jubilee of king Djoser
Aymen Ibrahem estimates that there was also an solar eclipse in the time of Pharaoh Djoser because he celebrated the Sed Festival.23-1
However, there is not even a decent estimate of his reign. Some have estimated that he would have been the pharaoh of Egypt at the time of Joseph mentioned in the Bible. According to biblical chronology, Joseph became Pharaoh's vizier in 1737 BCE by chronology of Bible. When we again use the Long CHA 137° here,23-4 we can find a total solar eclipse on March 25th, 1735 BCE. Other good options are, for example, the solar eclipse on taken from a couple of different periods July 18th, 2169 BCE., and March 19th, 1995 BCE.
So much can be said about this, however, that probably Djoser did not rule in the 27th century BCE. The reason for this is that all the Egyptians were apparently descendants of Mizraim. According to biblical chronology, this Mizraim was born in the 24th or 23rd century BCE.
References
23-1 oocities.org/duarta/index6.html
23-2 Strudwick, Helen (2006). The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. p. 72–73
23-3 www.britannica.com/biography/Hatshepsut
23-4 see this blog for text “The meaning of the abbreviations used”
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